Owning land in Nigeria is one of the most valuable investments a person can make, but the risk of fraudulent documentation remains high. Among the most important documents in property ownership is the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O). A C of O serves as proof that the government recognizes you as the legal owner of the land.
However, not every C of O presented by a seller is genuine. Confirming its authenticity is crucial to safeguarding your investment.
Understanding the Certificate of Occupancy
A Certificate of Occupancy is a legal document issued by the state government granting an individual or entity the right to occupy and use a piece of land for a specified period, typically 99 years.
It is the most recognized proof of ownership in Nigeria and is required to register property or complete sales legally. Without a valid C of O, a land transaction carries a high risk of disputes, fraud, or even government intervention.
Steps to Verify a C of O
The first step in confirming a C of O is to examine the document itself. A genuine C of O includes the owner’s full name, plot location, size, issuance date, and a unique registration number. Any signs of alteration, mismatched information, or poor printing should raise suspicion.
Next, cross-check the registration number with the state Land Registry. Each C of O is recorded officially, and the registry can confirm whether the document is valid and registered under the stated owner. Visiting the Land Registry or using official online verification platforms, if available, is essential to avoid counterfeit documents.
Confirming the Seller’s Authority
Even if the C of O appears genuine, it is important to verify that the seller has the legal right to transfer the property. Ensure the C of O matches the seller’s name and confirm that no disputes or encumbrances exist on the land. Sometimes, a property may have multiple claimants or unresolved inheritance issues that could affect the legality of the sale.
Engaging Legal and Professional Assistance
Hiring a qualified real estate lawyer is a critical step in verifying a C of O. Lawyers can check the Land Registry, confirm ownership, and examine related documents such as Deeds of Assignment and Survey Plans. A lawyer ensures that the sale agreement is legally binding and protects the buyer in case of any disputes.
Working with a trusted real estate firm, such as Viva-Gold Real Estate, further simplifies the process. Experienced professionals can verify listings, liaise with lawyers, and provide insights on properties that are fully legitimate. Their guidance ensures that buyers are not exposed to unnecessary risks while making important property investments.
Inspecting the Property and Survey Plan
While confirming the C of O is essential, verifying the property on the ground is equally important. Ensure that the land’s boundaries match the Survey Plan associated with the C of O. A licensed surveyor can confirm the exact location, dimensions, and neighboring properties.
This step helps prevent boundary disputes and ensures that the property corresponds exactly to the legal document.
Conclusion
Confirming that a C of O is genuine requires thoroughness, diligence, and professional guidance. Examine the document carefully, verify with the Land Registry, confirm the seller’s authority, and engage legal experts to secure the purchase.
By following these steps and working with trusted real estate partners like Viva-Gold Real Estate, buyers can confidently invest in land with the assurance that their property is legally protected and free from fraud. Contact us to avoid mistakes.
